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		Toxic Exposures
		Components of pathway-specific toxicological exposure assessment. Adapted from U.S. EPA Exposure Factors Handbook a This page outlines some of the basic principles of toxic exposure assessment. ATSDR U.S. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry defines a toxic exposure as contact with a toxic substance by swallowing, breathing or touching... (more)

		Forensic Toxicology: Forensic Analysis in Toxicology
		Forensic toxicology is a multi-disciplinary field combining toxicological principles, analytical chemistry and methods, analytical toxicology, clinical chemistry, pathology, pharmacology, investigative research, data collection and collation - and a certain amount of detective work. TCAS has extensive expertise in forensic toxicology with more than... (more)

		Toxic Substances: Alcohol Toxicology
		TCAS provides alcohol-related toxicological assessment services. a For more than 30 years, TCAS has regularly provided consultative and professional services involving alcohol toxicology . One of the world's most commonly abused drugs, ethanol ethyl alcohol is a leading contributor to morbidity across cultures. Although low to moderate alcohol consumption... (more)

		Toxic Substances: Drugs of Abuse
		Drugs of abuse are well-documented in the peer-reviewed toxicological literature. a TCAS has provided toxicological guidance, written assessments and expert testimony in hundreds of drug-related cases. Virtually all drugs of abuse are well-documented in the peer-reviewed toxicological literature with clearly-established endpoints. However, drugs of... (more)

		Toxic Substances: Toxicology of Pharmaceuticals
		TCAS has broad experience with pharmaceutical toxicology. a TCAS has wide experience with pharmaceutical toxicology and has performed many assessments involving prescription medications, drugs of abuse, vaccines and over-the-counter preparations. Although pharmaceutical use can be a significant toxicological factor in a variety of claims, the real... (more)

		Case Studies in Toxicology: Alcohol Intoxication Leads to Fatal Boating Accident
		This case study summarizes the events leading up to and following a fatal boating accident on Florida's intracoastal waterway. It illustrates the role of blood alcohol back-extrapolation and weight-of-evidence WOE in an alcoholic impairment assessment and demonstrates how behavior and judgment on the part of the defendant can be considered as evidential... (more)

		Case Studies in Toxicology: Carbon Monoxide Turns Camping Event Deadly
		This case study summarizes a matter in which a group of campers were overcome by carbon monoxide poisoning. It illustrates the importance of taking the initiative to acquire necessary objective evidence to refute presumptions through a scientifically credible toxicological assessment. A group of campers attending an event at the height of summer stayed... (more)

		Case Studies in Toxicology: Postmortem Alcohol Formation in a Severely Burned Victim
		In this case study, a passenger severely injured in a motor vehicle fire filed a lawsuit against the vehicle manufacturer. The case partially rested on whether or not the driver and his passenger could be shown to have been intoxicated. The surprising outcome was based on a little known but well-documented fact concerning endogenous alcohol which can... (more)

		Case Studies in Toxicology: Acute Marijuana Intoxication
		Contributes to Fatal Motorcycle Accident This case study illustrates how circumstantial evidence can be misinterpreted and how drug-impaired judgment and behavior can be regarded as evidential in a toxicological causation assessment. Accident Summary A motorcyclist was fatally injured when he collided with a city bus in a business district. a,b A motorcyclist... (more)

		Case Studies in Toxicology: Workmen's Compensation Benefits Denied for Presumed Drug Use?
		This case study summarizes a recent matter in which a worker was injured while on the job, then later denied Workmen's Compensation benefits when drug use was alleged. It illustrates the key importance of rebutting presumptions through objective assessment of clear and convincing toxicological evidence. A lineman working on power lines received a serious... (more)

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