TCAS
Toxicology Consultants & Assessment Specialists, LLC

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Hazardous Substances   Toxic Substances: Hazardous Substances
TCAS provides toxicological assessment services for a wide range of hazardous substances [a] Hazardous substances constitute a special class of toxic agents in that they pose immediate dangers to human health via simple contact or proximity. TCAS provides toxicological consulting and assessment services for a wide range of hazardous toxic substances,... (more)

Toxicology of Heavy Metals   Toxic Substances: Toxicology of Heavy Metals
Heavy Metal Pathways adapted from 1995 U.S. Geological Survey Circular [a] TCAS has been providing heavy metal consultative and toxicological assessment services for more than 30 years. Although some heavy metals are necessary ingredients in a healthy body, heavy metal contamination can cause a wide range of adverse health effects. Unlike organic pollutants,... (more)

Toxicology of Pharmaceuticals   Toxic Substances: Toxicology of Pharmaceuticals
TCAS has broad experience with pharmaceutical toxicology. a TCAS has wide experience with pharmaceutical toxicology and has performed many assessments involving prescription medications, drugs of abuse, vaccines and over-the-counter preparations. Although pharmaceutical use can be a significant toxicological factor in a variety of claims, the real... (more)

Environmantal Hazard Toxicology   Hazardous Substances: Environmantal Hazard Toxicology
Overview TCAS has extensive experience assessing environmental hazards [a] Environmental hazards are substances found within a confined environment which can pose an exposure hazard if ingested, inhaled or absorbed. These include such agents as dust, mold and fungi, carbon monoxide, pyrolysis emissions, nuclear waste and many others. The wide range... (more)

Toxicology of Pesticides   Hazardous Substances: Toxicology of Pesticides
Overview Pathways of pesticide movement in the hydrologic cycle USGS [a] Pesticides are in widespread use throughout the U.S. and the rest of the world. There are many classes of pesticides including insecticides pyrethrins and pyrethroids, n-methyl carbamates, organophosphate insecticides, organochlorines, biologicals and acaricides , herbicides chlorophenoxy... (more)

Postmortem Alcohol Formation in a Severely Burned Victim   Case Studies in Toxicology: Postmortem Alcohol Formation in a Severely Burned Victim
In this case study, a passenger severely injured in a motor vehicle fire filed a lawsuit against the vehicle manufacturer. The case partially rested on whether or not the driver and his passenger could be shown to have been intoxicated. The surprising outcome was based on a little known but well-documented fact concerning endogenous alcohol which can... (more)

Mold in Motor Home Causes Aspergilloma   Case Studies in Toxicology: Mold in Motor Home Causes Aspergilloma
This case study illustrates the role of toxicological weight-of-evidence WOE in a case involving exposure to mold inside a motor home. It also illustrates how analytical measurements and medical history can be considered as evidential in a toxicological analysis. Bumpy Panels and Spongy Floors Shortly after purchasing a new motor home, the owner noticed... (more)

Professional Experience and Toxicological Specializations   Professional Experience and Toxicological Specializations
TCAS has assessed hundreds of different types of toxic substances and exposure effects. [a] TCAS provides professional, comprehensive forensic and environmental exposure analysis, risk assessments and causation determinations. With more than 30 years of hands-on experience, our cases cover a vast range of toxic exposure-related issues combining toxicological... (more)

Dr. William R. Sawyer, Toxicologist   Home: Dr. William R. Sawyer, Toxicologist
Ph.D., Dr. William R. Sawyer is an expert forensic toxicologist For more than 30 years expert toxicologist Dr. William R. Sawyer has been providing forensic toxicology consulting services and expert testimony. Dr. Sawyer has extensive experience... (more)

Human Health Risk Assessments   TCAS ALM Display: Human Health Risk Assessments
TCAS, LLC, has a strong 28-year service record and accomplished reputation for combining innovative scientific expertise and generally-accepted, peer-reviewed methodology to assess human health risks in industrial settings, product safety assessments, governmental health risk assessments and in civil litigation matters. Dr. Sawyer has been at the center... (more)

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A Message from Dr. William R. Sawyer
Chief Toxicologist, TCAS, LLC

A message from Dr. William R. Sawyer, Expert Toxicologist

Hazardous substance toxicology requires application of scrupulous attention to detail and methodology. Many years of experience are a virtue in conducting such assessments, particularly in cases involving widespread contamination.

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This is an informational and instructional website devoted to toxicology. It presents both original and edited public-domain content compiled as a useful educational resource. References and footnotes have been included wherever possible and image sources have been cited where appropriate. Although most pages can be printed or downloaded as PDF files (and we encourage you to make constructive use of our information), this website is copyrighted and material may only be reproduced and/or distributed with prior permission from TCAS, LLC.